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 What is programming?

What is programming?


"programming:



 * Know that it is the process in which logic is used to facilitate performing mathematical operations and various tasks using a computer.  The process is done using a programming language, and there are several programming languages ​​that differ from the others in terms of applications, field of use, and writing method.


 * The program (in English: Program) can be defined as a set of ordered commands that the computer follows to carry out certain tasks.  The program is placed in a storage medium that the computer can access and read from, to carry out the commands, command by command, and the data that the programmer wants the computer to process and perform operations on can also be stored.


 * When using a programming language in writing a specific program, the writing method (English: Syntax) of the language is restricted in addition to the various expressions in it.  Programming also requires experience in other areas, such as algorithms, for example.


 * A good code written in one of the programming languages ​​can be distinguished from others by four factors, as follows:



 + Durability;  What this means is the program’s ability to deal with errors in a way that allows it to complete its work despite the presence of these errors.  Reliability;  It is achieved through good design and correct inclusion of algorithms.  Efficiency;  And this is done by optimizing resources such as memory and others.  Ease of reading the code and the quality of its documentation.


 * The mechanism for working programming languages ​​when writing using a specific programming language, so the use of a specific program called the Compiler (in English: Compiler) is used, as this program converts the programming language into a machine language (in English: Machine code) that the computer can understand.


 * The programmer writes the code using any text editor (in English: Text editor) in the form of a set of phrases, and then the compiler used for the programming language that was written in it is used by specifying the name of the file that contains the code.  The compiler, when run, analyzes the phrases and makes sure they are written correctly.


 - After that, this code is converted into what is called an object file (in English: an object file), which contains the set of machine-language commands, which the computer executes.  A compilation step may be followed by an additional step, which is merging between a number of existing files that depend on each other, and then outputting one executable file (in English: Executable), and this step is called linking (in English: Linking).


 * Among the programming languages ​​that work on the same principle are C (English: C), C Plus (English: C ++), Fortran (English: Fortran), Swift (English: Swift), and others.  Some programming languages ​​differ in terms of the mechanism of work from what is mentioned,


 * Among these languages ​​is the Java language (in English: Java), as the code is converted into specific commands called (in English: Bytecode), and these commands can be executed on any computer that contains a program "virtual machine" (in English: Virtual machine) dedicated to understanding these  Commands and converting them into commands that the computer on which the program is running can understand and implement them.


 * Among the programming languages ​​is also what allows the program to be executed immediately without the need to convert it using a compiler program, as the use of a program called the interpreter (in English: Interpreter), which converts the programming language phrases into commands and executes them immediately, and what distinguishes this type  One of the types of programming languages ​​is the ability to stop the work of the program while it is in progress and modify it, which may be in order to correct certain errors in it (in English: Debugging),


 * However, these languages ​​are not characterized by the speed of implementation of programming languages ​​that depend on compilation.  Among the programming languages ​​that work with the mentioned mechanism are Python (English: Python), Perl (English: Perl), JavaScript (English: Javascript), and the preprocessor language for hypertext (English: PHP).


 * Classification of programming languages ​​in terms of level Programming languages ​​can be classified into two types according to the level, namely, low-level programming languages ​​(English: Low-level), and high-level programming languages ​​(English: High-level).  The term level here refers to the extent of the abstraction of the language and its proximity to what the computer understands. The lower the level of the language, the greater its abstraction, and vice versa.


 * Machine language is the most abstract language among programming languages, so it is the lowest level, in this language, commands are written completely in the language that the computer understands, which are numbers, so each number expresses a specific command.  Machine language is followed by assembly language, which does not differ from machine language except by replacing writing with numbers by writing with specific terms.  Low-level programming languages ​​are characterized by being fast to implement, in addition to allowing the programmer to have complete control over data and memory.


 * The high-level programming languages ​​are distinguished by their ease of understanding by humans, as they add the ability to arrange and coordinate the code better by variables (in English: Variables), functions (in English: Functions), repetition (in English: Loop), and templates (in English: Classes),  And other things that can be used to reduce the number of expressions used during programming.


 * These languages ​​do not offer the same control capabilities as low-level languages, but they are also considered safer, because they contain protections that prevent the programmer from harming
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