Allergic rhinitis:

 Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, or hay fever, is one of the types of allergies that affect the nose and lead to a number of different symptoms caused by inflammation and swelling of the nose, and the symptoms of allergic rhinitis appear as a result of inhalation  One of the allergens, such as pollen or pollen (in English: Pollen), dust and animal dander, and symptoms may appear in some cases after eating an allergy-causing food, and it is worth noting that allergic rhinitis is classified into mild, moderate and severe depending on the severity of the symptoms  Associated with allergies, and the effect of these symptoms on a person's ability to practice various life activities.

 

* The symptoms of allergic rhinitis do not appear as a result of exposure to hay, as indicated by the common term known as hay fever, and this sensitivity is not accompanied by a high temperature or suffering from a fever, but the allergic reaction in this case develops as a result of the over-response of the immune system when exposed to some elements  Known allergens (in English: Allergen), some of which were mentioned previously, such as dust and pollen, and it is worth noting that these elements do not cause any abnormal immune reaction in most people,

 * Hypersensitivity of the immune system The hypersensitivity of the immune system to some people against one of the allergens develops after the first exposure to it, as the immune system deals with this generator as one of the harmful elements to the body, but no symptoms appear on the person the first time, as the system produces  Immunomodulatory Antibodies to this allergen after the first exposure to it and stored in the immune memory in what is known as the sensitisation process,

 * Antibodies can be defined as a group of special proteins that travel through the blood and are produced by immune cells to eliminate infection pathogens such as viruses, and in the event of exposure again to the same allergic substance, a large amount of these antibodies are produced, which fall under a type of  Antibodies known as immunoglobulin E (in English: Immunoglobulin E) for IgE,

 * Which in turn leads to stimulating some special cells to secrete a large amount of some chemicals such as histamine (in English: Histamine) and leukotrienes (in English: Leukotrienes).  This immune reaction and the chemical compounds that are secreted are caused by inflammation of the inner layer or mucous membrane of the nose, the eyelids of the nose, and the sinuses (in English: Sinuses).

 * Such as a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing, and black circles may appear around the eyes as a result of congestion of the veins in the membranes lining the sinuses, and these halos may continue to appear throughout the year in some cases, and allergic rhinitis may also be accompanied by the appearance of some nasal polyps (in English)  Nasal polyp), which is a small, abnormal, non-cancerous growth of some tissues in the nose, and an allergic episode may also be accompanied by nosebleeds for some,

 * It is worth noting that the swelling of the mucous membranes in the nose may lead to blockage of the sinus drainage course and cause sinusitis, so that allergic rhinitis is often associated with infection with sinusitis, and it should be noted that most of these symptoms appear  As a result of the body's attempt to prevent the allergen from entering the body and expelling it to the outside, and often a number of family members suffer from the problem of allergic rhinitis, so it is believed that most people inherit the problem of nasal allergies.

 1 Seasonal allergic rhinitis that occurs at specific times of the year, and the symptoms of this type of allergy often appear in the spring, autumn and end of the summer season, due to the spread of allergens in the air during specific seasons such as pollen caused by flowers and mold spores (in English:  Mold spores),

 2- As for the second type, it is persistent allergic rhinitis, and this type of allergy occurs at any of the different times of the year because the allergens that cause it are constantly present such as mold, dust mites, dander or pet hair, and in what  There is an indication of some common allergens or triggers that inhaling a small amount of them may lead to some symptoms of allergic rhinitis:

 Pollen grains: Pollen or pollen grains can be defined as a group of very small grains that play an important role in the pollination process between different types of plants, and these grains are produced from trees, herbs and flowers, and inhaling them may lead to some suffering from allergic rhinitis, and often  Pollen grains are produced at fixed times during the year, but its production may be affected by the weather as well. In some areas with warm weather, pollen production may be continuous throughout the year.

 * Usually weeds produce pollen grains at the end of spring and early summer, while they are produced from trees usually at the beginning and middle of the spring season. As for the pollen grains produced by colored flowers, they often do not cause allergies, as they depend mainly on insects to transport them.  To other flowers and do not move through the air, except that some types of flowers may produce small pollen grains that can transfer in the air and cause allergies.

 * It is worth noting that the amount of pollen spread in the air plays a role in the emergence of allergy symptoms or not, and the percentage of pollen usually decreases in cold, rain and humid weather, and rises in hot and dry weather.  In many different places, such as wood, weeds and soil, but it does not have a stem, roots or leaves like some other types of fungi, so mold spores fly into the air and their percentage increases in warm weather during the spring,

 * They may also be present throughout the year in some warm areas House dust mites: Dust mites feed on the crusts of dead skin of humans, which are small insects that may be found in carpets, mattresses, beds, and pillows, and a chemical substance found in the feces of these insects may cause inflammation  Allergic rhinitis for some, and despite the presence of these insects throughout the year, their percentage may increase in the winter.

 * Animals: Many people suffer from an allergy to animals, and in fact this allergy is not caused by the animal itself, but by the peeling of its dead skin, saliva or urine, and dogs and cats are the main cause of this type of allergy, but some people may suffer from  Allergy to some other animals, such as rodents, rabbits, and horses, and it is worth noting that children living with dogs or cats from a young age may lead to a lower risk of their allergy.

 Work-related allergens: Some people may be affected by allergens present in the work environment, such as the fumes of some chemicals, cleaning materials, some gases, and flour.

 * There are a group of factors that may increase the risk of developing allergic rhinitis, and some of them can be explained in the following:

 Age and gender: Allergic rhinitis is more common among women after adulthood, while on the contrary, it is more common in males before this stage.  Date of birth: The risk of developing allergic rhinitis increases if you give birth during seasons with high levels of allergens in the air.

 Passive smoking: Exposure to second-hand smoke (in English: Second-hand smoke) during an early age increases the risk of developing allergic rhinitis.  Genetic factors: The risk of developing allergic rhinitis increases if a family member suffers from this type of allergy or one of the other types of allergies, especially if the mother also has allergies.

 - Infection with one of the other types of allergies: such as atopic dermatitis (in English: Atopic Dermatitis), and asthma (in English: Asthma). Work and living environment: Living or working in an environment that contains a high percentage of allergens such as pets and dust mites  This increases the risk of developing allergic rhinitis.

 * Other factors: such as infection, the decrease in the number of times an infant becomes infected during the first stages of its life may lead to a higher risk of developing an autoimmune disease (in English: Autoimmune disease) in the future, and it is worth noting that both the first child in the family and living with  A family with a high financial income and a small family increases the risk of developing allergies, by linking these factors to the rate of infection of the child during childhood.

 * Avoidance of exposure to the allergen is the most important way to prevent allergic rhinitis, and there are also a set of tips that help prevent allergies, and some of them are explained below: Avoid touching and rubbing the nose.  Make sure to wash your hands with soap and water periodically.  Use moth-proof bedding and pillows that are made of impermeable fibers. Wash luggage, bedding and pillows regularly with hot water and detergent to sterilize them.

 * Avoid the entry of pets into the bedroom to reduce the spread of dander on the bed, or prevent them from entering the house entirely.  Close the windows of the house and car during allergy seasons, and replace the use of air conditioner. Wear sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat to reduce pollen entering the eyes.  Replacing fabric curtains with metallic curtains.

 * Eliminate insects and cockroaches at home.  Use dehumidifiers in damp areas of the home such as the ground floor and poorly ventilated rooms.  Use a high-efficiency air filter or filter. Avoid eating foods that trigger allergies. Clean carpets and upholstered furniture regularly.

 * Clean the house periodically by sweeping and vacuuming it and removing dust, removing items that may contribute to dust gathering such as magazines, books, and toys.  Avoid exposure to other stimuli that are not directly allergens, such as cold weather, smoking, strong odors, air pollutants, and high humidity.

 * Washing pets at least twice a month.  Take the pet dogs out of the house periodically, and wash the linens that the pets sit on regularly.  Avoid spreading your laundry outside during seasons with high pollen levels.  Close windows and doors during the early evening hours and in the middle of the day due to the high pollen content at these two times.

 * Wash your hands, hair, and change clothes after leaving the house.  Avoid being in areas where grass grows during allergic seasons, such as parks and playgrounds, as much as possible. Ask someone who is not allergic to mow the lawn if he is around the house,