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 How is iron extracted,

How is iron extracted,




Iron extraction:




  * Iron is extracted from iron ores using a blast furnace, where iron oxide is removed from hematite and iron is left alone, according to a group of reactions known as reduction reactions, which are as follows:




  * Carbon dioxide reacts with carbon at a high temperature at the bottom of the furnace to produce carbon monoxide, which acts as a reducing agent in the furnace, according to the following reaction: C + CO2 → 2CO, carbon monoxide reacts with hematite to produce iron and carbon dioxide,  According to the following reaction: Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2, carbon reacts with hematite in the hottest parts of the oven, to produce carbon monoxide and iron according to the following reaction: Fe2O3 + 3C → 2Fe + 3CO. Iron inside the blast furnace The iron ore is crushed inside crushers and converted into  Particles of small size, then these particles are passed over a sieve;  With the aim of separating large particles,




  * The melting furnace is supplied with iron ore, coke and lime coal, then large quantities of air are pumped at the bottom of the melting furnace, which leads to the union of calcium in the lime coal with silicates to form slag, while the liquid iron is collected at the bottom of the blast furnace under a layer  slag.  Iron Formation Most of the iron ore deposits are found inside sedimentary rocks that contain successive layers of iron-rich minerals, and on silicate grains known as flint,



  * Which was formed by the influence of nature from water, wind and ice, as the oceans about 3000 million years ago contained large quantities of dissolved silica, but they lack oxygen due to the lack of development of oxygen-producing plants yet, and by nature factors the silica condensed on the surface of the sea in the form of layers  From silica gel, then these layers hardened to form flint rocks, and the effect of environmental factors on the rocks resulted in soluble iron oxide, which was washed to the sea by rivers,



  * When oxygen-producing plants began to develop 2500 million years ago, oxygen became part of the Earth's atmosphere, and dissolved oxygen in sea water interacted with soluble iron oxide, and this reaction resulted in insoluble iron oxide, which settled on the ocean floor in the form of minerals  The magnetism of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 hematite, and as this process continued for millions of years, silica and iron oxide condensed, resulting in layers of gray flint and red ferric oxide.
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