* The theater in language is a place where the play is represented, and it is combined with theaters, and in its artistic meaning it is a form of art in which the written literary text of the play is transformed into representational scenes, performed by actors on stage in front of a crowd.  Theater differs from theatricality, although the two words are used for the same connotation at times.  The play is the written literary text, and it refers to the literary side of the theatrical performance, and it is one of the multiple elements of theater, such as directing, acting, costumes, lighting, decoration art, music, singing, and sometimes dancing.  Theater has been described as the father of the arts.  To comprehend these artistic elements combined.

 * Theater can be defined in a simple way as an artistic phenomenon based on a conscious and intended meeting between the actor and the spectator, which takes place in a specific place and time, and this meeting aims to embody a literary text by the actor to the spectator, using linguistic or physical expressions or both.  It is worth noting that despite the simplicity of the concept of theater, there is no single agreed definition for it, and this is reflected in the multiplicity of definitions of theater in various dictionaries and encyclopedias.

 * Theater is a form of expression of human feelings, feelings and various ideas using the art of speech and movement, and with the help of some other influences, and it is considered a means of entertainment and pleasure as well as a means of expression.  It was stated in the dictionary of literary terms, for example, that the theater expresses the theatrical production of a specific author or several authors in a specific era, and also defined it as the building that includes the stage, the actors, the spectators' hall, and other halls of administration and the willingness of the actors to represent their roles, as it is possible.  That the theater be limited to the auditorium and the actors' hall only,

 * A definition of theater was mentioned in the British Encyclopedia stating that the art of theater is limited to live performances that are directed with precision and with careful planning to create a deep sense of drama.

 * The birth of the theater Theater is an ancient art, known since ancient times among the Egyptians and Greeks, and it was initially associated with religious rituals.  Most of the writers who studied the art of theater claim that its beginning was with the Greeks, because this art enjoyed the prosperity of the ancient Greeks, and its appearance in the Greeks dates back to the fifth century B.C. However, the prosperity of theater at that time does not mean that it  It was not present in the previous civilizations of the Greeks,

 * Accordingly, the notion that theater art did not exist before the Greeks is a denial of the ability of people from different cultures to entertain themselves, especially since theater is a means of entertainment and not just expression.  That is why theater, in all its forms and styles, is considered one of the expressive arts that man has created since ancient times, and it is difficult to determine the place and time of the first true emergence of theater.  Tragedies appeared and were represented in Athens in the sixth century BC, and reached their peak in the fifth century BC;  As it was closely related to the celebrations of the representation of ancient religious rituals and rituals.

 * The Muslim Arabs did not know the theater at the beginning and spread of the Arab Islamic civilization, so that the Arabs did not know the importance of the famous Roman theater buildings spread from northern Syria to Morocco.  This is because they did not know the theatrical text or the theatrical performance, and the Crusaders did not know the theater.  This is because of the ecclesiastical prohibition of this art, and therefore it was not transmitted to Muslims during the Crusader occupation of parts of the Arab and Islamic world.  With the end of the Middle Ages, the European theater reappeared, and its source was the Christian rituals of the churches, and the first theatrical texts at that time were related to the Crusades and the character of Saladin.

 * Arabs knew theater in its Western sense in the modern era, following their contact with Western culture at the beginning of the nineteenth century AD.  Some theater groups appeared in the Levant, then moved to Egypt, where they received great acceptance and encouragement, which led to the emergence of new acting groups.  With the beginning of the twentieth century, many new governmental theaters were created, and most of the plays performed were adapted or translated from one language to another, or transmitted from Arab folk stories.

 * As for the success of theater, it was the main motivation that made writers turn to writing the art of theater, and with the beginning of the fifties of the twentieth century, theater spread in the Arab world greatly, and became recognized in most official cultural institutions, as well as the establishment of special institutes for representation, and the Arab theater witnessed development  A great deal at the hands of top Arab actors and directors. Theatrical groups that present Arab theatrical art inside and outside the Arab world increased, and a special theater for children appeared in various Arab countries.

 * With the acceleration of global political events today, and the occurrence of the crises that different countries went through in the second half of the twentieth century, Arab theatrical art declined and its movement decreased, and its role diminished in light of the emergence of commercial plays side by side with television drama series that competed with theatrical art in an uncompromising competition.  Fair.

 * Art has developed in various countries of the world over time, and the art of drama in each country has represented prevailing customs, local beliefs, and myths, in addition to its representation of different life circumstances;  For example, three types of patrimonial drama have appeared in Japan, and these types are: Noh: they mean complete plays, and they are the oldest;  As it is based on ancient Japanese literature.  Kabuki: are folk plays.  Goguri: these are puppet plays, and the plays of Kabuki and Goguri are said to contain loud music and sports dancing.

 * In India, the theatrical heritage - specifically, the southern one - was known as the Cathakali, it was performed in the rituals of the temples, and the actors wore luxurious and expensive costumes, and represented stories taken from Indian mythology, and they used movements of hands and arms in an exaggerated manner, in addition to facial expressions,  In China, drama was expressed with performances that combine dance, singing, loud music, and clowning, in addition to acrobatic games.