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 what is information technology


what is information technology?
what is information technology؟


?What is Information Technology


 * It is a field that includes all computing disciplines (computer science, information systems, and software engineering), as it focuses on the practical side of computer science, as it provides and produces high-quality software.


 Defining the American Information Technology Group (ITAA) The American Information Technology Group (ITAA) has defined information technology as the study, design, development, activation, support or management of information systems that depend on computers, especially computer applications and hardware, as it is considered the best and fastest way to work on  Facilitate obtaining information and data, and make it available and available to those seeking it in the most speedy and efficient way.


 Tom Forster Definition There are many IT professors who have defined information technology, among them is Tom Forster, who defined information technology as the new science capable of storing and retrieving information.



 The fields of information technology Information technology is generally involved in computer systems and networks, as it works on developing computer operating systems, operating databases, and how to secure the privacy of information and data, and facilitate communication between computer networks. Information technology also enters into software engineering and innovative systems from  Where the support and development of open source software engineering, design and analysis of systems, and localization of applications, in addition to that they are involved in many different and different fields, as the computer can recognize speech, the possibility of generating it automatically, and verify the identity of the speaker and the source of speech.


 In addition to defining the speech text in terms of computer linguistics, machine translation, how to retrieve information, and search engines across the global network. Information technology enters the field of speech to help people with special needs learn sign language and learn Braille for the blind. It also helps in document processing anyway.  It was its type, its language, and the optical recognition of its letters.


 * The majors from which information technology is branched out from a group of specializations that are taught in colleges and universities as follows:


 * Data management (in English: Database).  Data storage (in English: Database Storage).  Computer Science (in English: Computer Science).  Networks (in English: Network).  Protection (in English: Security).  Internet programming (in English: Web Developer And Web Designer).  Programming (in English: Programming).  Information And Communication Technology.  Systems Analysis (in English: Analysis).


 * Computer development Information technology interferes with scientific computing, as it works to make computer applications faster and more efficient, and it works on developing and developing computer simulation and computer modeling systems, so there were several generations during which the computer developed from the first to the fifth generation:


 First generation:

 * It appeared during the period 1946-1959, when evacuated tubes were used as components of the memory and central treatment unit.  These tubes were causing a great rise in temperature, and thus increasing the possibility of the computer exploding, and they were so expensive that only the gigantic companies that owned such computers at that time, and they were dealing with the language of the god - the zero.


 -second generation:


 * Appeared during the period 1959-1965, and the vacuum tubes were replaced by a small transistor, its speed was much higher, and it reduced energy consumption.  In this generation, magnetic cores were used as primary memory along with magnetic tape and magnetic disks as secondary storage devices.  Computers are also dealing with high-level programming languages, such as: FORTRAN COBOL, and a batch processing multi programming feature has been added to them.


 -third generation:


 * It appeared during the period 1965-1971, when integrated circuits (IC's) were used instead of transistors.  Each single IC contains a large array of transistors, capacitors, and resistors connected together in an electrical circuit.  Jack Kilby is considered to be the person who invented Integrated Circuits (IC's).  This invention made computers more efficient, reliable and smaller in size as well.


 - The fourth generation:


 * It appeared during the period 1971-1980, when it became a large-scale integrated circuit (VLSI) that contained 5,000 thousand transistors in a single chip.  Also, the price of the computer has become much lower than its predecessor in several generations, in addition to reducing its size, and increasing its strength and reliability.


 Fifth generation:

 * It appeared in the year 1980 and is the generation in use at the present time, which caused the production of central processing units that contain ten million electronic parts inside these processors.  This generation of computers depends on parallel processing devices, as well as artificial intelligence programs that work to make the computer think like humans.  Social media is entering information technology in the field of networks due to the emergence of the Internet, which helped in the revolution of social media (in English: Social Media),


 * As it is considered one of the most recent things that appeared on the Internet.  In general, many specialists in Internet science point out that social media represents a paradigm shift for communication, as through the internet the interaction became much greater than the previous means that had many limitations.

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